Python Integers explained with examples

An integer in Python, also known as a 'numeric literal', is simply a name used for a numeric value. For this reason, these values are commonly called integers even if they are assigned the value of a real number in the form of an integer and a decimal value. Integers are immutable data types, which means that changing the value of a number data type results in a newly allocated object.

Integer object is created when you assign a integer value to variable, For Ex;

>>> x = 32
>>> y = 55
>>> type(x)
<type 'int'>
>>> type(y)
<type 'int'>

In above example x is variable name and assigned value '32' and checking it’s type using type() function shows 'int'.

• Python has four different types of integers;int : Integers or int's are whole numbers with no decimal points.
• float : Floating point numbers or floats are real numbers with decimal points.
• long : long integers are of unlimited size.
• complex : Complex integers are x + yj, where x and y are floats and j (or J) represents the square root of -1.

Examples of different integer types.

int : 34, 5, -78

float : 34.5, -2.453213, 666.45

long : 7543856L, -349752587L, 9824365768798L

complex : 5.54j, 884-3k+4.32, -23+34k+234

>>> x = 34
>>> type(x)
<type 'int'>

>>> y = -5333.33
>>> type(y)
<type 'float'>

>>> z = 2127372373473747574757
>>> type(z)
<type 'long'>

>>> w = -323+45.34-34J
>>> type(w)
<type 'complex'>

Python Convert integer type:

Some time we need change the type of integer to make good sense in programming, Python allows to change the type of integer as shown below;

• To convert any integer type to plain 'int' use int() function as shown in example;

>>> x = 3.14
>>> int(x)
3

• To convert any integer type to float use float() function as shown in example;

>>> x = 3
>>> float(x)
3.0

• To convert any integer type to long number use long() function as shown in example;

>>> x = 3
>>> long(x)
3L

• To convert any integer type to complex number use complex() function as shown in example;

>>> x = 3
>>> complex(x)
(3+0j)

Python mathematical operations for integers:

Python has builtin library called 'math' to perform mathematical operations. Following table contains the list of all mathematical functions and example of each function is given below.

Examples of Above functions:

• abs(x) Returns the positive distance between x and zero, i.e the absolute value of x.

>>> x = -33.56
>>> abs(x)
33.56

• ceil(x) Returns the ceiling of x: the smallest integer not less than x.

>>> from math import ceil
>>> x = 55.23
>>> ceil(x)
56.0

• cmp(x, y)    Returns -1 if x < y, Returns 0 if x == y, Returns 1 if x > y.

>>> x = 2
>>> y = 4
>>> cmp(x, y)
-1

• exp(x) The exponential of x.

>>> from math import exp
>>> x = 55.32
>>> exp(x)
1.0596702429230294e+24

• fabs(x) The absolute value of x.

>>> from math import fabs
>>> x = 55.32
>>> fabs(x)
55.32

• floor(x) The floor of x: the largest integer not greater than x.

>>> from math import floor
>>> x = 55.32
>>> floor(x)
55.0

• log(x) The natural logarithm of x, for x> 0.

>>> from math import log
>>> x = 2
>>> log(x)
0.6931471805599453

• log10(x)     The base-10 logarithm of x for x> 0.

>>> from math import log10
>>> x = 2
>>> log10(x)
0.3010299956639812

• max(x1, x2,..) The largest of it’s arguments.

>>> max(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
9

• min(x1, x2,…) The smallest of it’s arguments.

>>> min(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
0

• modf(x) The fractional and integer parts of x in a two-item tuple. Both parts have the same sign as x. The integer part is returned as a float.

>>> from math import modf
>>> x = 2
>>> modf(2)
(0.0, 2.0)

• pow(x, y)    The value of x**y.

>>> from math import pow
>>> x = 2
>>> y = 4
>>> pow(x, y)
16.0

• round(x [,n])    x rounded to n digit’s from the decimal point. Python rounds away from zero as a tie-breaker: round(0.5) is 1.0 and round(-0.5) is -1.0.

>>> x = 33.22
>>> round(x)
33.0

• sqrt(x) The square root of x for x > 0.

>>> from math import sqrt
>>> x = 4
>>> sqrt(x)
2.0

Trigonometric Functions for Integers:

Python math library includes few trigonometric functions which are useful for mathematical operations;

Examples of above functions;

• acos(x)    Return the arc cosine of x, in radians.

>>> from math import acos
>>> x = 0
>>> acos(x)
1.5707963267948966

• asin(x)    Return the arc sine of x, in radians.

>>> from math import asin
>>> x = 1
>>> asin(x)
1.5707963267948966

• atan(x) Return the arc tangent of x, in radians.

>>> from math import atan
>>> x = 1
>>> atan(x)
0.7853981633974483

• cos(x) Return the cosine of x radians.

>>> from math import cos
>>> x = 1
>>> cos(x)
0.5403023058681398

• hypot(x, y)    Return the Euclidean norm, sqrt(x*x + y*y).

>>> from math import hypot
>>> x = 2
>>> y = 3
>>> hypot(x, y)
3.605551275463989

• sin(x) Return the sine of x radians.

>>> from math import sins
>>> x = 1
>>> sin(x)
0.8414709848078965

• tan(x) Return the tangent of x radians.

>>> from math import tan
>>> x = 1
>>> tan(x)
1.5574077246549023

• degrees(x) Converts angle x from radians to degrees.

>>> from math import degrees
>>> x = 1
>>> degrees(x)
57.29577951308232

• radians(x) Converts angle x from degrees to radians.

>>> from math import radians
>>> x = 1
>>> radians(x)
0.017453292519943295

• pi Mathematical constant pi

>>> from math import pi
>>> pi
3.141592653589793

• e Mathematical constant pi

>>> from math import e
>>> e
2.718281828459045

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Mr Surendra Anne is from Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India. He is a Linux/Open source supporter who believes in Hard work, A down to earth person, Likes to share knowledge with others, Loves dogs, Likes photography. He works as Devops Engineer with Taggle systems, an IOT automatic water metering company, Sydney . You can contact him at surendra (@) linuxnix dot com.

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